GraphQL API Pentesting¶
GraphQL introduces a flexible and powerful way to interact with APIs, but it also brings new security considerations. Here's an overview of GraphQL security, common misconfigurations, and useful tools:
Concept¶
- Query Language for APIs: GraphQL provides a query language for APIs, allowing clients to request exactly the data they need.
- Runtime for Data Fulfillment: It serves as a runtime for fulfilling those queries with existing data, providing a complete description of the API data.
Common Misconfigurations¶
Introspection Query¶
- Risk: Exposing introspection queries to the public can lead to information disclosure, revealing sensitive API details.
- Recommendation: Limit access to introspection queries internally and prevent public access to sensitive API information.
Tools & Burp Extensions¶
- inql: A security testing tool for GraphQL APIs that allows for fuzzing, query discovery, and other security testing functionalities.
- Burp Extensions: Extensions like "GraphQL Raider" for Burp Suite provide capabilities for scanning and testing GraphQL endpoints for security vulnerabilities.
References¶
- GraphQL Voyager: A tool for visualizing GraphQL APIs, providing insights into schema structure and relationships.
- Detectify Labs Article: Discusses GraphQL abuse and potential security risks associated with misconfigured GraphQL endpoints.
- Medium Articles: Various articles explore GraphQL vulnerabilities and exploitation techniques, offering insights and practical examples.
Additional Resources¶
- Awesome GraphQL Repository: Curated list of resources, tools, and tutorials for learning and working with GraphQL.
- GraphQL.org: Official GraphQL website provides comprehensive documentation and learning resources for developers.
- Visualize the query results using https://apis.guru/graphql-voyager/
- https://labs.detectify.com/2018/03/14/graphql-abuse/
- https://github.com/doyensec/inql
- https://portswigger.net/bappstore/4841f0d78a554ca381c65b26d48207e6
- https://github.com/chentsulin/awesome-graphql
- https://medium.com/@localh0t/discovering-graphql-endpoints-and-sqli-vulnerabilities-5d39f26cea2e
- https://medium.com/@the.bilal.rizwan/graphql-common-vulnerabilities-how-to-exploit-them-464f9fdce696
- https://graphql.org/learn/
- https://blog.doyensec.com/2018/05/17/graphql-security-overview.html
- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jyjGneKJynk